in the samples given below, the authors’ have clearly stated the background and need for their own studies. a. can you isolate and identify each of them? b. if you were to conduct research on the same topics, how would your phrasing and approach be different?c. include an additional page that lists your citations. the paper should be written in apa style.i.) 1. progressive classroom practices "previous research studies describing progressive classroom practices have focused on only one or two conditions, such as: prosocial education, which emphasizes cooperative learning and building a caring community (development studies center, 1994); whole language theory and classroom practices (freeman & freeman, 1997; goodman, goodman, & flores, 1979); learning conditions (cambourne, 1988); and bilingualism and language acquisition (collier & ovando, 1985; krashen & iber, 1988). although these and other scholars have contributed to our understanding of the potential for dynamic holistic learning environments, there is a need for more research on critical pedagogy and elementary school practices. few studies are available (hudelson, 1994; moll, 1990; pérez & torres-guzmán, 1996; whitmore & crowell, 1994) that demonstrate the application of critical pedagogy as it relates to elementary school bilingual students. these studies address questions of student learning, whole language instruction, and relationships between schooling and the sociocultural processes.”arce, j. (2000). developing voices: transformative education in a first-grade two-way spanish immersion classroom, a participatory study [electronic version]. bilingual research journal. retrieved september 29, 2005, from http://brj.asu.edu/v243/articles/art3.html 2. Cross-Cultural Counseling The need to evaluate cross-cultural counseling theories and practices as well as traditional theoretical approaches has been documented in the literature (Copeland, 1979, 1982; Gunnings & Simpkins, 1972; Smith, 1985; Sue, S., 1981). As indicated in the literature, to date, there does not exist a consensus on what theories, approaches and practices should be used within ethnic minority groups. Hilliard (1986) pointed out that research in the field of cross-cultural counseling has been relatively subjective. He asserted that there was a need to conduct research to provide evidence to support the various existing theories on cross-cultural counseling as well as to add to traditional counseling approaches. -Additionally, the overall aim of this present study is to (a) bring attention to areas of need counselors have with respect to cross-cultural counseling, (b) sensitize counselor education program administrators to these needs for incorporation into current training programs, and (c) most importantly, since there is evidence to support the contention that most counselor education programs are not sure how to go about strengthening their multi-cultural components, it is hoped that the information generated from this study will add to this area.Gillian, S.P. (1990). An Assessment of the Cross-Cultural Training Needs of South Carolina Counselors. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED364635)