You must duly reference your work using any type of the standard citation styles. "A" work should engage in at least 2 external sources. Wittgenstein on Rules: Many people working in Science and Technology studies have found the work of ludwig wittgenstein to be particularly valuable. in particular, Wittgenstein''s discussion of rules is routinely invoked as foundational. Although it is complex, the central point can be seen in a short passage. Wittgenstein asks us to imagine a student who has been taught basic arithmetic. We ask this student to write down a series of number starting with zero, adding two each time (0,2,4,6,8,...) Now we get the pupil to continue ...beyond 1000 - and he writes 1000, 1004, 1008, 1012. We say to him: "look what you''ve done!" - He doesnt understand. We say:"You were meant to add TWO: look how you began the series!" - He answers: "Yes, isn''t it right? I thought that was how I was meant to do it." - or suppose he pointed to the series and said: "But I went on in the same way" - it would be now be no use to say: "But cant you see..?" - and repeat the old example and explanations. -In such a case we might say, perhaps: it comes natural to this person to understand our order with our explanations as we should understand the order: "Add 2 up to 1000, 4 up to 200, 6 up to 3000, and so on." Of course this student can be corrected, and can be taught to apply the rule as we would - there is coercion built into such education - but there is always the possibility of future divergences of opinion as to the meaning of the rule. In fact, Wittgenstein says, "no course of action could be determined by a rule, because every course of action can be made out to accord with the rule." Rules do not contain the rules for their own applicability. It is relatively easy to see how Wittgenstein''s problems is an extension of Hume''s problem of induction. A finite number of examples, with a finite amount of explanation, cannot constrain the next unexamined case. The problem of rule-following becomes a usefully different problem, though, in the context of actions, and not just observations. It becomes valuable to understanding the practices involved in science and technology. There are competing interpretations of Wittgenstein''s writing on this problem. some take him as posing a skeptical problem, and giving a skeptical solution: people come to an agreement about meaning of rules because of prior socialization, and continuing social pressure. Others take him as giving an anti-skeptical solution after showing the absurdity of the skeptical positions: hence we need to understand rules not as formulas standing apart from their application, but as constituted by their application. The same debate has arisen within science and technology studies. For our purposes here it is not crucial which of these positions is right, either about the interpretation of Wittgenstein or about rules. Instead, we might note that both sides agree that the expressions of rules do not determine their applications