Essays that explain causes typically include two basic features: a presentation of the subject and a convincing causal argument. First of all, you will need to identify the subject. How much you explain about the subject will depend on how much you think your audience knows or needs to know. Then you will need to present the causes, give evidence in support of each cause( use quotes and paraphrases from the essays in a articles " Minorities Alienation and Faliure in Academia" by Smith Lynn and another article is " The Savage Inequalities of Public Education in New York" by Kozol Jonathan" in book "BREAKING BOUNDARIES" for your support), and anticipate counterarguments and alternative causes. Causal arguments can be tricky. You will need to be sensitive to your audience. You must present your causes in a logical order that your audience will be able to forllow. In addition, to hold your audience''s attention, you should not emplasize causes that your audience would consier obvious or predictable. Most important, you must anticipate reader''s possible objections to and questions about the proposed causes, as well as show that you have considered(and rejected) any other possible causes.