This paper discusses the current theories relating to ethnicity and sporting performance. The often-cited research on this area refers to socially constructed racial groups, usually based on skin colour. These physiological differences have led to prejudice that has caused negative stereotyped links between black athletic superiority in sport and intelligence (Entine 2000). The evidence suggests that there is a significant physiological difference between athletes from East and West Africa, the USA and the Caribbean yet in many pieces of literature they are all referred to simply as ‘black’. Similar assumptions are also made about Asian and White groups without a clear understanding of genetic differences within each ethnic group, which would provide a more accurate appraisal of talent and ensure opportunity for all young athletes without prejudice or being stereotyped to be good at certain sports (Hoberman 2000). Many discussions have been carried out concerning slow and fast twitch fibers and whether training can influence their development. Different experiments have been carried out over the years however there is still a distinct lack of evidence to show that slow fibers can be converted to fast, and vice versa. This is the case even though throughout the 1990s and early 21st century there were studies such as Anderson et al.’s (2000) aimed at proving that a rigorous exercise regimen could convert slow fibers to fast fibers.