1) What are the arguments for and against individuals being born violent? 2) Is violence a male perogative? Discuss 3) The media are often seen as being responsible for how we understand violence, what evidence is there to support this? 4) How does forcusing on ||||||||||stranger danger|||||||||| divert our gaze from interpersonal violence? Each question to be approximately 500 words....at a 2.1 standard... and then answer the following questions: 1. do both of the following extracts. In your written answer on the chosen extract, you must: (a) identify the theoretical perspective (b) explain what has led you to your conclusion about what theoretical perspective the extract represents (c) outline the main strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical perspective represented in the extract. Extract A “The practice of imprisoning children in ‘specialist institutions’ has a long history in England and Wales, casting its shadow over the best part of two centuries…Child imprisonment on the scale that currently applies in England and Wales…has no legitimacy; it represents a curious form of institutionalized irrationality. It systematically damages children, it fails to prevent and/or reduce crime and it imposes an extraordinary financial burden on the public purse. Child prisoners are routinely drawn from some of the most disadvantaged families, neighbourhoods and communities in England and Wales. Children for whom the fabric of life invariably stretches across poverty; family discord; public care; drug and alcohol misuse; mental distress; ill-health; emotional, physical and sexual abuse; self-harm; homelessness; isolation; loneliness; circumscribed educational and employment opportunities; and the most pressing sense of distress and alienation, are the very children to be found in penal custody. … The consequences of placing damaged children in damaging environments are predictable: family relations invariably become more strained; negative behavioral traits are normally reinforced; experience of bullying, intimidation and violence in myriad forms is widespread; alienation is compounded; institutionalization is a risk and stigmatization is a certainty… …the state and its agencies…minimize, if not deny responsibility and accountability, whilst effectively ‘blaming’ the child prisoners for the corrosive experiences they endure. It is dishonest and ethically reprehensible: it deliberately and cynically neutralizes the profound failings and the intrinsic unfitness of penal institutions themselves.” Extract B “Relative deprivation is conventionally thought of as a gaze upwards: it is the frustration of those denied equality in the market place to those of equal merit and application. But deprivation is also a gaze downwards: it is dismay at the relative well-being of those who although below one on the social hierarchy are perceived as unfairly disadvantaged; They make too easy a living even if it not as good as one’s own. This is all the more so when rewards are accrued illicitly, particularly where the respectable citizen is also a victim of crime. … The combination of relative deprivation and individualism is a potent cause of crime in situations where no political solution is possible: it generates crime but it also generates crime of a more internecine and conflictive nature. The working class area, for example, implodes upon itself: neighbours burglarize neighbours, incivilities abound, aggression is widespread… ...The contribution of economic precariousness and ontological insecurity is an extremely inflammable mixture in terms of punitive responses to crime and the possibility of scapegoating.”